Christopher Columbus Essay - 828 Words

Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search for the all-water route to Asia, but instead achieved fame for making landfall in the Caribbean Sea. Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy. His father was a weaver, and it is believed that Columbus entered this trade as a young man. In the mid-1470s he made his first trading voyage to the island of Khios, in the Aegean Sea. Settling in Lisbon, where his brother Bartholomew was working as a cartographer, he was married in 1479 to the daughter of the governor of the island of Porto Santo. In December, the Santa Maria was wrecked off the coast of Espanola.The Nina, with Columbus in command, and the Pinta began the homeward voyage in January†¦show more content†¦Columbus defeated the natives in battle in March 1495 and shipped a large number of them to Spain to sell as slaves. Queen Isabella objected, however, and the survivors were returned. A royal investigating commission arrived at Isabella in October 1495. Because this group was consistently critical of his policies, Columbus established a new capital named Santo Domingo, and sailed for Spain leaving Bartholomew in command. He reported directly to Ferdinand and Isabella, who dismissed the critical charges. The sovereigns promised to subsidize a new fleet, but since enthusiasm for the unproductive enterprise had waned, nearly two years elapsed before eight vessels were sent out. Columbus set sail on his third voyage on May 30,1498. His first landing, made on July 31, was the three-peaked island of Trinidad, named in honor of the Holy Trinity. He then sighted what is now Venezuela. After cruising along the coast he sailed into the Gulf of Paria. At the mouth of the Orinoco River he led a party ashore. In his logbook he wrote that he had found a â€Å"New World,† unknown as yet to Europeans. Columbus set sail again, encountering several additional islands, including Margarita, and then laid a course for Espanola.3 Although Columbus obtained royal support for a fourth voyage to continue his search for a westward passage to Asia, only four worm-eaten caravels were put at his disposal and he was forbidden to stop at Espanola. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Christopher Columbus? Or Not Christopher Columbus?1329 Words   |  6 Pages On Columbus Day students across the nation will learn how Columbus discovered the New World and about his fantastic travels to the New World. Children will learn poems, stories, songs and rhymes about his travels and about himself as well on this day. When introduced to Columbus as a young student he is portrayed as a respectful gentleman and as a hero, when in reality he is a selfish man who takes advantage of lesser people and schools should be teaching their students about who Columbus reallyRead MoreThe Christopher Columbus741 Words   |  3 Pages Little may one know about Christopher Columbus, other than the fact that â€Å"Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492†. Even though he was claimed to have discovered the Americas, he was never the first to arrive there because (according to historians) the Vikings were there first. But, his discovery led other people in Europe know about the Americas therefore changing the world. Columbus shaped the world as we know it today. Columbus was born around 1451 in the republic of Genoa (what today wouldRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The Columbus1365 Words   |  6 PagesChristopher Columbus Most people think of Christopher Columbus as the person who discovered the Americas. However, Leif Ericson, a Viking, was the first European to see the Americas. â€Å"Christopher Columbus - born Cristoforo Colombo but was called in Spain Cristobal Colon†(Heat-Moon 4) was born to Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa sometime between August 25 and October 31, 1451 in Italy near Genoa (Heat-Moon 4). â€Å"Christopher Columbus had four other siblings; Bartholomew Columbus, BianchinettaRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The Columbus898 Words   |  4 Pages Christopher Columbus â€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two / Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† In grade school, I was taught this rhyme to learn about Christopher Columbus. Most of what I learned about Christopher Columbus then, was that he thought the world was round (and others didn’t); and that he wanted to sail to India, but messed up, and landed in America, calling the natives â€Å"Indians.† As I grew older, I learned a little bit more about Columbus’s trips to the Americas. I was told that ChristopherRead MoreThe Journey Columbus By Christopher Columbus1628 Words   |  7 PagesDeveloped Through the Uncovering of San Salvador in 1492 Christopher Columbus’s adventitious finding of San Salvador led to the initial European â€Å"discovery† of the New World. Columbus, an Italian explorer, attempted to sail west from Spain to India, funded by King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile (Christopher Columbus’s Exploration). He sailed west using three boats: the Nià ±a, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria (Christopher Columbus the Italian Explorer). They reached the island of GuanahaniRead MoreThe Voyage of Christopher Columbus1541 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican History I 07/08/05 Christopher Columbus Voyage to North America Spanish exploration first began with a series of revolutions. First, the Commercial Revolution generated economic stability. Second, the Intellectual Revolution generated interest in the Earths composition and the pursuit of exploration. Europe then called for a political revolution to end the disorganized and disorderly rule of its government. This revolution returned order and stability to the government and renewed interestRead MoreChristopher Columbus Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Columbus was born in 1451 at Genoa. Genoa was a seaport that was on the Ligurian sea. His name was Cristoforo Colombo and that was translated into English as Christopher Columbus. Christopher Columbus had two brothers, which he was older than both. Christopher Columbus had little schooling just like most of the people during that age. Genoa was a busy seaport and Christopher Columbus learned much from the sailors. Christopher Columbus’s father was a poor weaver. Christopher Columbu s workedRead MoreChristopher Columbus Is Not A Hero Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesChristopher Columbus is commonly known as the â€Å"discoverer† of the Americas. From a young age students are taught all the wonderful things he did for our land and how well he interacted with the Natives. Although the truth is disregarded and as students grow, they come to learn that Columbus was not a hero in fact. Columbus came close to causing a genocide of the Native Americans, and basically began the â€Å"white power† movement that America is forced to deal with today. The truth of what ChristopherRead More Christopher Columbus Essay474 Words   |  2 Pagesin search of a direct sea route from Europe to Asia, Christopher Columbus accidentally discovered the Americas. However, in four separate voyages to the Caribbean from 1492 to 1504, he remained convinced that he had found the lands that Marco Polo reached in his overland travels to China at the end of the 13th century. To C olumbus it was only a matter of time before a passage was found through the Caribbean islands to the cities of Asia. Columbus was not the first European to reach the Americas VikingsRead MoreEssay on Christopher Columbus1931 Words   |  8 Pagesdeeply held, yet imperfectly understood, beliefs. The role of history in the iconography of the United States is pervasive, yet the facts behind the fiction are somehow lost in an amorphous haze of patriotism and perceived national identity. Christopher Columbus, as a hero and symbol of the first order in America, is an important figure in this pantheon of American myth. His status, not unlike most American icons, is representative not of his own accomplishments, but the self-perception of the society

The Rise in Divorce Rate Essay examples - 925 Words

The sanctity of marriage has seemed to have disappeared with the arrival of the 21st century. Though marriage rates have always fluctuated in the past, current events have caused divorce rates to increase. According to recent statistics made by the census bureau, the divorce rate in America is roughly 50 percent. There are a myriad of speculations as to why more people are not staying together. One reason is that people are getting married for the wrong reasons, such as unplanned pregnancies. Another reason is that women have become more independent so that they are not forced in to being in a marriage where they are not happy. Last, lenient divorce laws make it much easier for many couples to get divorced. Combined, these three†¦show more content†¦This would account for a major chunk of marriages that were rushed and not given the proper time to develop. Another possibility for many people not getting married for the right reasons include social pressures enacted o n them by either their parents or society. Unbeknownst to many, arranged marriages exist in some American families. Granted, they are mostly from recently immigrated Indian populations, but they are Americans just the same. With the culture shock that these people receive on the notion of marriage, it is no wonder that divorce taken so lightly. If one were to look in to the trend of working women in America, it would be flabbergasting to see how far they have come since the 19th century. Working women have become a dominant force in the workplace. According to recent analysts, women now control 50 percent of the paid workforce (Pollitt). It is no surprise then that divorce rates have been steadily increasing directly proportional to the divorce rate. There is a clear relationship between the success of women in America and their ability to live independently. Due to this newfound independence, many women no longer feel trapped in marriages that they are not happy in or that they are being either physically or verbally abused. With nearly â€Å"80 percent [of women] contributing a major chunk of family income† (Pollitt), it is clear that women have now set the benchmark in equality. They are no longerShow MoreRelatedThe Rise in the Divorce Rate Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic that I have chosen to do my research on is the rise in the divorce rate. The reason I have chosen this topic is because I myself have recently been through a divorce. I think everyone by now has heard that fifty-percent of marriages now a days end in divorce. So after going through a divorce myself I would like to know why that is.† Today 59% of the population is married down from 62% in 1990 and 72% in 1970. One of the first things I looked at was the average length of a marriage. I foundRead MoreCohabitation and Its Effect on Rise in Divorce Rate1117 Words   |  5 PagesEffect of Cohabitation on the Rising Divorce Rate The rise of the divorce rate seems to be due to the lack of commitment or understanding of love and longevity in a marriage. Cohabitation can be defined as an arrangement whereby two people decide to live together on a long term or permanent basis in an emotionally and /or sexually intimate relationship (Brannon 2008). Cohabitation is seen as the best way to understand a prospective mate in terms of living and financial stabilityRead MoreDivorce808 Words   |  4 Pagestheir relationship so they choose to divorce, which is one of the solutions to cope with problems between a husband and wife. Most people claim to think carefully before they get married, but the divorce rates continue to increase. There are three main causes of divorce: the changing of a man and a woman s role, stress in modern living and the lack of communication between the married couple. The first significant cause of recent rise in the rates of divorce is that women completely change in rolesRead MoreThe Divorce Rate Of Divorce1123 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship, therefore they choose divorce, which is one of the solutions to cope with problems between husband and wife. Furthermore, most people think carefully before they get marriage. However, the divorce rates trend to continually increase nowadays, thus it might be argued that divorces can be taken place easier than the past. In the United States, researchers estimate that 40%–50% of all first marriages, and 60% of second marriages, will end in divorce. Divorce has always been present in AmericanRead MoreThe Divorce Rate Of America959 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce Rate Throughout time, practices that were once never used, become more common. In the 1600s divorce was a forbidden practice or a last resort. Since then, laws have changed, and so hasn’t the stigma related with divorce. The guilt and fault that divorce once carried has vanished. According to the book Should I Keep Trying to Work it out, â€Å"In the United States, researchers estimate that 40%–50% of all first marriages will end in divorce or permanent separation. The risk of divorce is evenRead MoreDivorse is on the Raise Essay736 Words   |  3 Pages-- the big divorce party?† (Gagnon 124) Marriage can be a beautiful thing, but some couples are unable to maintain their relationship, because they choose divorce as a solution to cope with the problems between husband and wife. Divorce is definitely on the rise. The usual explanations are communication, balance, and commitment, and its hard to disagree with them. Although age is assumed to be the main element of di vorce, research indicates that there are more explanations for divorce. â€Å"In theRead MoreMarriage Is An Age Old Tradition Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagestwo nations. As people age there is intially a rise in marriages from the ages of 15 years up until late 40s and 50s, it then it drops off the older population becomes overall with the execption of Swedish men who exibit to peaks in their trajectories of marriage (Figure 1). Swedish women follow the overall trend with marriage peaking at the age of 40-44 with 53.5% of women married. It then falls slightly from the age of 45-49 and then begins to rise again until 65-69 where 57.8% are married in thisRead MoreThe Reasons for Changes in the Patterns of Marriage, Cohabitation and Divorce in the last 30 Years845 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Patterns of Marriage, Cohabitation and Divorce in the last 30 Years Over the last 30 years there has been a significant change in the pattern for marriage, co-habitation and divorce. There are many reasons for these changes that have taken place. For example, since 1971, when a divorce act was introduced, divorce has been more acceptable in todays society. This has slowly increased the figures of divorce at a steady rate. A downfall in religion has also contributedRead MoreCauses of Divorce Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect of Divorce In today’s society, divorce is more the norm than ever before. Forty percent of all marriages end in divorce. Divorce defined by Webster is the action or an instance of legally dissolving a marriage. Divorce itself is both a cause and effect. There are many causes of divorce. Some of the causes happen more often than others. For instance, the most common causes of divorce are poor communication, financial problems such as lack of money, lack of commitment to marriageRead MoreThe author I have chosen to use to write about is Laura Kipnis and her essay: Love’s Labors. For1700 Words   |  7 Pagesabout Divorce rates, and how they have been increasing over the years. Divorce can come about in many different ways, each unique in the reason of interest/motivation to get a divorce. Kipnis speaks entirely to an audience ripe for divorce; adulterers, fantasizers, the side chick/guy, or even the suspicious spouse. The reasons of increased divorce vary depending on the p eriod of time that you are looking at, or the situation in which the divorce is taking place. Due to the increased rates of divorce

Kong And Implications The Regional Market -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Kong And Implications The Regional Market? Answer: Introducation Tigerair has merged with a company called Scoot that helps in the long-haul flights for the company. It has helped the students and the backpackers to enjoy the flights at a lower cost along with better deals so that the tourists can book more number of tickets. This has helped the tourists in avoiding the confusion and they can purchase the packages that are inclusive of the meals as well in all the platforms (Wang et al. 2016). It has also led to the fall n the prices of the airfares, as the operations have become more streamlined and efficient in nature. This has led to in keeping the prices low so that the customers can enjoy the flights to their destination. The merger of Scoot with Tigerair has led to the increase in the number of flights to more number of destinations. The company has started to expand in places like Kuantan, Palembang, Kuching, Harbin and Honolulu, which is its first expansion in the United States (Akamavi et al. 2015). Most of the Tigerair flights that take place are within the Singapore region but they also let the passengers use the flight to take it abroad as well. Places like Australia and the United States are some of the countries where the company is operating and has helped many of the passengers to fly to these destinations. The domestic flights take place helps the tourists to scout some of the famous destinations such as Krabi islands and other destinations as well that helps in attracting the tourists. The flights also allow the tourists to visit the destinations like Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur, which helps in boosting the number of tourists in that area (Tribe 2015). They even operate on an international manner and has been ferrying the tourists to destinations like Australia, the United States and has also launched a plan to operate in India as well. This has helped the company in expanding their business and operates on a larger scale so that maximum profit can be earned and provides the passengers with the other benefits as well (Page 2014). The company mainly operated from Changi Airport Group (CAG) from the Budget Terminal but the airport authorities announced the closure of the Tigerair flights from the airport. The company then shifted its movement to the other airports that were available in the country such as Seletar airport, Paya Lebar airport, Sembawang and Tengah. These airports helped the company in carrying on with its operations so that it can cater to the needs of the tourists (Fageda, Suau-Sanchez and Mason 2015). The company since 2012 has been ferrying a large number of passengers. It was seen that in the year 2012 the company had ferried around 39, 00,000 passengers and in the following year it rose to 43, 90,000 passengers, which saw an increment of around 12.6 percent. The year 2014 saw the company transfers around 50, 68,000 passengers that were around 15.5 percent rise than the previous year. This shows that the most of the tourists were comfortable in the flight that was arranged by the company, as the increase in the number of passengers meant more profits for the company (Wang, Xia and Zhang 2016). Impact on tourism development The major characteristics of the low cost carriers are that it focuses mainly on minimizing the cost by increasing the level of efficiency. The decrease in the cost structure helps in providing competitive prices to the customers as well, which has helped the companies in maintaining better profit margin. These flights are usually direct and have a destination where it travels continuously without changing its path. These flights mostly operate between the regional and the secondary airports (Cho, Windle and Dresner 2015). The air transport has become liberalized, which has led to the development of the cheaper airlines that is offering greater level of competition to the other airline companies. The rise in the level of competition has led to the development of new products so that it can help in attracting the potential customers available in the market. One of the major impacts that these airlines have on the tourists is the factor of price. The prices of the tickets of these airlines are minimal, which has helped the passengers in booking more number of flights (Bendinelli, Bettini and Oliviera 2016). These airlines also offer other benefits to the passengers as well such as the factor of entertainment and other complimentaries that are provided along with the tickets. These extra benefits are included in the prices of the tickets that are being charged from the customers. These products have helped the low-cost carrier companies in attracting majority of the customers than the commercial flights (Clewlow, Sussman and Balakrishnan 2014). The negative impact that these companies have created on the development of tourism is that it does not help the people in flying to other destinations apart from their chosen flight paths. It has also increased the popularity of certain destinations, as these flights ferry the passengers to these destinations. The passengers mostly prefer visiting friends and relatives (VFR), which has led to these companies in attracting the particular consumers present in the market. Most of the consumers who avail these airlines are students and the backpackers who are comfortable with the prices of the tickets, as their level of income is restricted to a certain extent (Bubalo and Gaggero 2015). Most of the low cost carriers use the strategy of market penetration, which helps them in setting the prices at a lower cost that attracts most of the customers towards them. This strategy has helped the airlines in providing cheaper ticket prices to the customers so that they can fly to their destinations in a convenient manner (Cho, Windle and Dresner 2015). The availability of low cost flights urge the customers in buying houses overseas, as the cost of the flights are cheap and the customers can visit the houses on a regular basis. These airlines travel on a fixed path of flight, which helps them in increasing their revenues as well. There has a been a rise in the level of ownership of second homes among the customers due to the cheaper air tickets that are being provided by the low cost carriers (Clewlow, Sussman and Balakrishnan 2014). Impact on airport operations The low cost carriers have taken up a major share of the operations in the airports, as it has been operating on a global manner. These companies have taken up almost 24 percent of the shares with respect to the seating capacity that is present globally. These flight carriers are efficient and achieve their goal of thirty minutes turnarounds on an average. The airports that offer singly runways are optimum for these carriers, as it minimizes the waiting time before or after the landing has taken place (Tribe 2015). These aircrafts position themselves near the walking distance of the gate so that extra costs can be avoided for the customers and help in faster movements of the carriers as well. The airports provide large areas to these aircrafts, as it helps them in making greater profits due to the increase in the number of flights (Page 2014). The impact that has been created due to the presence of low cost carriers on the airports can be divided in to two mechanisms. Firstly, the volume of traffic has been intensified, which will have a direct effect on the revenues of the airport. Secondly, the competitive environment that is new in the market will be faced by the airports, which will put direct pressure on the charges of airlines (Fu et al. 2015). Most of the chartered airplanes are being abandoned by the customers, as they find it difficult in paying the amount of fare that is charged by them. Moreover, the number of customers who would like to prefer travelling at cheaper air fare are more than the executive class. Government policies have helped these airlines, as it has seen that most of the customers have preferred in using this mode of transport (Akamavi et al. 2015). Future of low cost operations The low cost carriers are performing in a better way in the consumer market, as the level of profit of these companies has gone up for instance Tigerair that is operating in Singapore. Most of the packages that are being offered by the company are attractive and helps in increasing the number of capacity as well for the organization. The future of these companies can be seen as bright but they need to increase their number of flights so that more number of customers can be attracted towards the product (Fageda, Suau-Sanchez and Mason 2015). These companies are providing stiff competition to the chartered airlines, as they are changing their pricing strategies on a constant manner. The low cost carriers need to monitor the cost of their items so that they can effective manage their operations and have a better feedback from the customers. The major airports of the world have to react in a positive manner to these companies so that they can operate from the airports and help the custom ers who have a low amount of budget (Bubalo and Gaggero 2015). Conclusion Therefore it can be concluded that the low cost carrier that is operating in the Singaporean market has been carrying with its operations in an efficient manner, which has helped them in attracting a major chunk of customers towards them that are present in the market. Most of the customers want a nice experience during their flight, which is being provided by these companies at a cheaper price. The airports are congested due to the chartered flights, which needs to be removed from there so that it can help in paving the way for low cost carriers. Reference List Akamavi, R.K., Mohamed, E., Pellmann, K. and Xu, Y., 2015. Key determinants of passenger loyalty in the low-cost airline business.Tourism management,46, pp.528-545. Bendinelli, W.E., Bettini, H.F. and Oliveira, A.V., 2016. Airline delays, congestion internalization and non-price spillover effects of low cost carrier entry.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,85, pp.39-52. Benur, A.M. and Bramwell, B., 2015. Tourism product development and product diversification in destinations.Tourism Management,50, pp.213-224. Bubalo, B. and Gaggero, A.A., 2015. Low-cost carrier competition and airline service quality in Europe.Transport Policy,43, pp.23-31. Cho, W., Windle, R.J. and Dresner, M.E., 2015. The impact of low-cost carriers on airport choice in the US: A case study of the WashingtonBaltimore region.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,81, pp.141-157. Clewlow, R.R., Sussman, J.M. and Balakrishnan, H., 2014. The impact of high-speed rail and low-cost carriers on European air passenger traffic.Transport Policy,33, pp.136-143. Fageda, X., Suau-Sanchez, P. and Mason, K.J., 2015. The evolving low-cost business model: Network implications of fare bundling and connecting flights in Europe.Journal of Air Transport Management,42, pp.289-296. Fu, X., Lei, Z., Wang, K. and Yan, J., 2015. Low cost carrier competition and route entry in an emerging but regulated aviation marketThe case of China.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,79, pp.3-16. Lee, B.L. and Worthington, A.C., 2014. Technical efficiency of mainstream airlines and low-cost carriers: New evidence using bootstrap data envelopment analysis truncated regression.Journal of Air Transport Management,38, pp.15-20. Page, S.J., 2014.Tourism management. Routledge. Pyke, S., Hartwell, H., Blake, A. and Hemingway, A., 2016. Exploring well-being as a tourism product resource.Tourism Management,55, pp.94-105. Tribe, J., 2015.The economics of recreation, leisure and tourism. Routledge. Wang, K., Tsui, K.W.H., Liang, L. and Fu, X., 2016. Entry patterns of low-cost carriers in Hong Kong and implications to the regional market.Journal of Air Transport Management. WANG, K., Xia, W. and Zhang, A., 2016. Benefits Assessment of Large Scale High-Speed Rail Network in China: The Effect on Low-Cost Carriers.

List Of Ways To Benefit An Organization - Solution is Just a Click Awa

Question: Discuss about the List Of Ways To Benefit An Organization? Answer: This paper depicted the various aspect of the marketing. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the marketing mix and orientation strategy of the Sainsbury. This paper enable to determine the marketing activities, orientation organization, importance of four Ps and three additional Ps. Indeed, Sainsbury is the UK based supermarket. It was founded in 1869 by the John James Sainsbury along with Drury Lane. Sainsbury produces the forecourt store, convenience, supercenter, superstore and supermarket related products that is popular in the UK market. Marketing activities covers: Any activity of the company that undertake to establish brand awareness are called as marketing activities. Trade shows, product placement in entertainment, search engine marketing, cold calling and newsletters article are the example of the marketing that covers the all activities of marketing. (Bajpai, 2015) Orientation organization: Orientation organization is individuals work, job satisfaction, subordinates, motivation to work and supervisors on the job. Upward mobile, ambivalent and indifferent are the organizational orientations that associated with organizational communication behavior such as motivation and job satisfaction. These are the list of different orientation organization that can evaluate the cost and benefits linked with Sainsbury that is described below: Handling paperwork: Orientation is helpful to handle the official paperwork. It helps to reduce the cost of the Sainsbuy grocery product or service. A well educated employee helps to handle the paperwork because they are specialist of it. (Ashe-Edmunds, 2015) Reviewing company policies: Sainsbury policy and procedure are written. So, organization employees should read and note the information about the written policy and procedure. Sainsbury policy includes dress code, harassment, grievance procedure and vacation policy. (Hart, 2003) Decrease employee turnover: It helps to decrease employee turnover that save money and time on hiring and training employees. Smooth introduction of the new hire employees helps to quick familiar with the organization culture. Orientation organization helps to reduce manpower from the organization that raise the profitability of the Sainsbury. (Shank, Lyberger, 2014) Reduce errors: Organization orientation includes job training to protect staff to their roles and responsibility. Organization orientation program helps everyone slowly in their job duties and co-workers. (Ashe-Edmunds, 2015) Different peple have different caliber to take training in their jobs. A well educated qualified employees helps to reduce the errors in the Sainsbury. Importance of four Ps: Price, product, place and promotion are the elements of the marketing mix. The importance of each four Ps is described below: Price: The price elements of the marketing mix is significant in the Sainsbury company because it attracts the customers. Different people have different needs or desire that helps to produce difference price of product. Price determine the Sainsbury quality of the product or service. Price helps to develop the marketing mix strategy of the Sainsbury. (Baker, 2012) Product: It is an important elements in the marketing mix that helps to attract the customer through variety of the products. Different variety of product helps to fulfill customer needs or demands. Sainsbury has grocery product that is useful in daily human life. (Hart, 2003) Place: Place is an important marketing mix of the Sainsbury that helps to customer to collect product at near location. It also save customers time and efforts. In the competitive market place plays significant role in the organization due to easy availability of the product. Right place helps to increase the sales and profitability of the Sainsbury. (Shank, Lyberger, 2014) Promotion: Promotion is an importance elements of the marketing mix that helps to promote Sansbury product or services. Promotion raise the sales of the Sainsbury that helpful in long term success. Further, promotion attract the consumer in the Sainsbury that is significant elements of it. In the current competitive market, promotion is significant strategy to raise the growth of the Sainsbury. (Baker, 2012) Importance of three additional Ps: packaging, people and positioning are the three additional Ps of marketing mix. Packaging: It is significant marketing mix of the Sainsbury that attract the consumer thorugh packaging. People prefer different kinds of the products or service. Sainsbury product many grocery product with different kinds of packaging style that attract new buyer and youth generation. Youth desire to use different kinds of packaging product that helps to achieve the goals. (Baker, 2012) Attractive packaging is demand of the current competitive market. So, it is helpful to achieve the organization objective or goals because it raise the sales of the Sainsbury. People: Different people have different kinds of desire or needs that helpful to achieve Sainsbury goal and objectives. People requirement affected organization manufacturing growth and success. If people desire high quality product. Then, Sainsbury have to product quality product or service to fulfill people needs or desires. (Dibb, Simkin, 2013) Positioning: It is a significant elements of the marketing mix that helps to establish the product brand in the market. Sainsbury has many branded grocery product This paper depicted the various aspect of the Sainsbury. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy and buying behavior of the organization. We would select the Sainsbury company to elaborate the diverse topic to marketing that is decribed below: Segmentation and its use for product or service: Segmentation means divide market into several parts that are accessible, actionable, profitable and have growth caliber. In the other word, market segmentation targets the different categories of consumer who know the value of the products or services as compare to others. Segmentation is equal significant for ensuring the success of the organization. These are the five segmentation criteria that used for the Sainsbury product or services that is described below: Measurable: Segmentation is meansured in the regard of sales value and volume. It helps to identify the size of market segment in reasonable degree of accuracy. Sales value and volume helps to determine the Sainsbury growth and success. A high sales raise the profitability of the Sainsbury that helps to survive in the competitive market. (Dibb, Simkin, 2013) Substantial: Sainsbury has many product in their supermarket that affect with different substantial power. Some Sainsbury products are essential for human daily life. So, Sainsbury should produce this kinds of product in the market. Sainsbury should divide products as per their consumer demand and needs. (Shank, Lyberger, 2014) Accessible: Segmentation require accessible for quick response about the Sainsbury product or service. Sainsbury require accessible to fulfill consumer demands or needs. Segmentation require accessible process to survive in the competitive market. (Hart, 2003) Differentiable: A different variety of the Sainsbury product or service helps to fulfill consumer needs or demands. Different people have different demand or needs that depends on their cultural background. (Shank, Lyberger, 2014) Actionable: Market segmentation require practical value. Its elements should provide data for a marketing position or sales approach. Sainsbury is popular UK based supermarket that have different kinds of products that require quick action to sell product in the whole UK market. People want quick deliver of the product. So, segmentation helps to quick response about the difficulty of the product. (Dibb, Simkin, 2013) Targeting strategies that apply in selected product or service: Targeting strategies is the selection of cutomers those wishes to sell product or services. It includes segmenting the market that select the appropriate market, determine the products that will offered in every segment. In the other words, target market is a group of customers that decided to reach its marketing and ultimately merchandise. There are four target marketing strategies such as undifferentiated marketing, multi-segment targeting, focus or concentrated targeting and customized marketing that can apply in selected product/service of the Sainsbury. Out of them, we would select one differentiated or multi-segment targeting strategy that is described below: Differentiated or multi-segment targeting strategy adopted by the Sainsbury supermarket glocery store. Sainsbury has several grocery product in their supermarket. So, this strategy is beneficial for the Sainsbury targeting strategy. The Sainsbury is following multi-segment targeting strategy serves more than two segments and raise a distinct marketing mix strategy for each grocery product of them. Multi-segment targeting strategy is beneficial because it raise the sales volume, larger market share, economic of scale in manufacturing and higher profit. But, it includes greater product design, inventory, management costs, promotion and marketing research. Further, it is beneficial targeting strategy as compare to other targeting strategy because Sainsbury has different variety of grocery product that require differentiation or mult-segment strategy to fulfill customer needs. Indeed, supermarket comprises dairy, fresh produce, meat and baked goods along with packaged goods and several n on-food items such as household cleaners, pet suppliers, kitchenware and pharmacy products. Some supermarket sell a variety of household products such as medicine, clothes and condoms as well as non-food products: sporting equipment, seasonal items and board games. Different people have different kinds of needs or desire. So, multi-segment targeting strategy is beneficial for the Sainsbury because it was able to fulfill different kinds of consumer needs or desires.. In the current competitive market, it is beneficial for the Sainsbury sales volume and profitability. It is helful to raise the profitability of the organization that is main motive of the most of organizations. (Chand, 2015) Positioning for new product or service: Positioning means how you differentiate your product or service as compare to your competitor and also find an appropriate market for the product or services. In the other words, positioning means where Sainsbury product stand as compare to other company similar product or service in the marketplace as well as the mind of the consumer. Further, it helps to establish product or services within the eyes of the purchaser. A positioning is affected by number of customers encouragement alongwith its competitors. (Shank, Lyberger, 2014) These are the main changes require when market propose new positioning strategy. Attractive price: Attractive price require when market propose new positioning strategy. Product price should be attractive through promotional or discount offer. People prefer discount offer product or service. So, Sainsbury should produce discount offer product to attract new consumers. Price plays a significant role in the Sainsbury due to their promotional strategy to attract new customers. (Chand, 2015) Quality product or service: Sainsbury have to maintain quality in their product or service when propose new positioning to survive in the current competitive market. Customers prefer quality product or services in any price. They doesnt compromise with quality of the product or service. (Hart, 2003) Availibility: Sainsbury should establish new store in every market for easy availability of the each product or service. People prefer those product or service that is available nearest location from home. It save their time and effort to collect the specific product or services. Further, it reduce the transportation cost of the organization. In the current competitive market, people are busy in their job or business. So, they prefer easy availability product or service that save their money, time or effort to buy product or service. (Chand, 2015) Buying behavior and its affect on marketing activity: Consumer behavior is the study of organization, groups or individuals that use to secure, use, experiences, services, dispose of products and ideas to satisfy requirement. It merge factors from sociology, psychology, marketing, economics and social anthbropology. It tries to affect consumers from groups such as friends, family, sports and society in general. In the other words, buying behavior is the sum of total consumer intentions, preferences, attitude and decision regarding the consumer behavior in the marketplace. (Hart, 2003) These are factors that affect consumer behavior that is described below: Supply and demand: Suply and demand situation affects the type of marketing for your goods and services. Supply and demand affect the marketing activities of the Sainsbury. (Hart, 2003) Routine behavior: Buying behavior affect marketing activities through routine behavior. Some product used by consumer on the daily basis. It is significant factor of the organization. Complex decision making: It is a significant types of buying behavior that affect marketing activities. It includes peer reviews of products or services that will lead the consumer choice. Internal factors: It is another significant buying behavior that affect marketing activities. Consumer should aware with three interal factors such as personal, social and psychological that affect the marketing activities of the organization. Here, personal factor affected by the personality of the human. Social factor affected by the society culture. Psychological factor affected by the human demands or needs. (Hart, 2003) Consumer buying behavior and business buying behavior: Consumer buying behavior is the behavior of those person who buy product or services for personal use. Business buying bahvior is behavior that buy product or service for resale to other consumers or manufacturing other goods. (Basu, 2015) Distinguish between consumer buying behavior and business buying behavior described below: Consumer buying behavior is limited for few person. One person is involve in buying groceries that is example of consumer buying behavior while business buying behavior includes multiple participants like product and influencers who establish specific product or services. (Basu, 2015) Consumer buying behavior includes thousand of customers in different location. For example: people use washing machine in the same way while business buying behavior maintain long term relationship with their suppliers. A retail business owner install computer to maintain inventory while technology related organization use them for product research. (Chand, 2015) Consumer buying behavior involves basic family requirement, occupation, needs, economic situation, membership in groups and lifestyle choices while business buying behavior includes environmental and organizational factors. (Hart, 2003) The consumer buying behavior process includes five stages such as information search, purchase decision, evaluation of alternatives and need recognition while business buying behavior starts with need recognition. (Basu, 2015) Potential segments that serve marketing mix planning: Maketing mix is the set of action that use to promote its brand in the current competitive market. Marketing mix includes the price, product, promotion and place. However, marketing mix increase its elements such as packaging, people and positioning. Measurable and differentiation is the potential segments that serve the marketing mix. Marketing mix planning would be differ from these two potential segments. Measurable segment evaluates the organization sales volume and profitability that helps to organization success. Differentation segments helps to produce the different variety product in the Sainsbury that attract new buyer of it. (Shank, Lyberger, 2014) This paper described the various aspect of the Sainsburys to present the report to the Chairman. The purpose is to evaluate the environment condition of the organization. This paper successfully spelled out the environmental factor that affect marketing decision and distinsguish between international domestic marketing and factors of the Sainsburys marketing process. Micro and macro environmental factors that influence Sainsburys marketing decision: Micro and macro are the two kinds of environmental factor. These environment factors are the control of marketers, but they still influence the decision. Sainsbury runs its business environment that is divided as micro and macro environment that has importance impact on marketing decision. Micro environmental factors: The customers, competition and general public are the micro environmental factor that is decribed below: The cutomers: Who is the Sainsbury customer that is significant for the environmental factor. The customer affect the organization strategy about the product or services. Different people have different needs or demand that affect the orgazation product or services. Customer is the king of the current competitive market. In the other words, customer is wholesale of the market. So, customer decide the manufacturing strategy of the Sainsbury that which kinds of product should be produced. (Cox, 2006) The competition: Those are selling same prouct such as Sainsbury product line that is known as competition. Product and its price plays significant role in the competition. Competition is the part of any environment that affect the Sainsbury marketing strategy. A high competition raise the quality of the Sainsbury product due to survive in the organization. Public: Sainsbury has duty to satisfy the general public that raise the sales and profitability of it. The general public helps to reach its organization objectives and the goals as well. Public is the key of the Sainsbury that helps to achieve the organization objectives because it raise the sales of the organization. (Cox, 2006) Macro environment factor: There are many macro environmental factor that affect the decision of the marketing managers of the Sainsbury. New law, tax changes, demographic change, trade barriers and government policy changes are the example of macro change. These are the macro environment factor that is described below: Political: Political factor affect the government rules and regulations such as degree of the economy intervention. What government want to provide, what its priorities. It can affect the vital areas for the business and products. (Cox, 2006) Economic: Economical factor includes taxation changes, economic growth, interest rate, exchange rate and inflation. Higher interest rate reduce the investment in the Sainsbury. Currency make difficult because it increase the price in terms of abroad currency. A higher country income growth raise the demand for the organization products and these require to be taken into account pricing decision. (Hart, 2003) Social: Social environmental factor can affect the demand for the organization products, availability, willingness of individuals to work. United Kingdom population has increasing that affect the product and distribution methods. Different people have different needs or demand in the society. (Hart, 2003) Technological: New technology is the demand of the current competitive market. Technology reduce the cost of the product and raise the quality of the organization product. Technology is the part of macro environment that raise the human living of standards. Environment: It involves weather and climate change. Temperature changes can affect the industries such as farming, insurance and tourism. Climate change happening due to global warming. It is becoming important factor in the organization to consider and these affect on packaging choice and fair-trade. Environment affect the Sainsbury product line because people want to work in healthy environment that raise the productivity of the organization. Legal: Organizaiton have to follow the legal rules of the government to run their business. It can affect the organization costs if new procedures have to do developed. Legal environment is becoming significant macro environmental factor in the current competitive market. (Cox, 2006) Different between international marketing and domestic marketing: Domestice and international marketing are same as per fundamental principle of marketing. These are the significant between domestic and international marketing that is described below: The domestic marketing scope is limited because they spread in the nation boundary while international marketing has endless scope and opportunity because they spread in the wordwide market. (Doole, Lowe, 2008) The domestic marketing has less benefit as compare to international marketing. The international marketing added incentive of foreign currency that is significant from the home nation point of view as well. (Shank, Lyberger, 2014) The domestic marketing is limited in the term of technology as compare to international marketing. International marketing allows use and sharing of latest technologies. (Hart, 2003) The domestic marketing has nothing to do in political relations while international marketing leads to amendment in political relations between nations. (Cox, 2006) The domestic marketing has no barrier because they are working in limited area that can be handly by them while international marketing has many barrier such as cross cultural, currency, traditions, language and cutoms. Different people belongs to different cultural that affect their working caliber in the organization. (Doole, Lowe, 2008) Elements of the Sainsburys marketing Process: Sainsburys has four factors of marketing process such as environment analysis, strategy development, marketing mix and implementation the strategy of the Sainsbury. Sainsbury marketing process is described below: Environment anlaysis is the first step of the Sainsbury marketing process that define the strength and weakness of the Sainsbury. Sainsbury should choose the target customers for its products and services. Organization shall divide the market in different parts based on different kinds of product and services. (Shank, Lyberger, 2014) Strategy development is the second elements of the Sainsbury that includes value proposal, targeting, segmenting and positioning the Sainsbury goods and services. Its also provides vision of achieving goals. Strategy helps to set organization goal and objectives. The marketing mix decision is the third elements of the Sainsbury marketing process that used to attract the customers, beat competitors, increase sales, and provide a better value for its customers. Product, price, place and promotion are the main elements of the marketing process that includes what is produce, how to charge, how to deliver its product or services to the customers, how to tell customers about Sainsbury products and services. (Doole, Lowe, 2008) Implementation is the last marketing process elements of the Sainsbury. It helps to Sainsbury to access the planned throughout production in order to satisfy customers needs and desires. A proper implementation is the necessary part of the organization. (Shank, Lyberger, 2014) References Ashe-Edmunds, S., (2015). List Of Ways To Benefit An Organization Through Orientation. Retrieved from: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/list-ways-benefit-organization-through-orientation-10630.html# Bajpai, N., (2015). Marketing Research. 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